REVIEW: Pharmacy Education In Indonesia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.46542/pe.2021.211.432442Keywords:
education, Indonesia, Pharmacy, Professional, UndergraduateAbstract
Pharmacy education in Indonesia mainly involves a four-year undergraduate degree, followed by a one-year professional pharmacy programme. The curriculum and learning outcomes of undergraduate and professional pharmacy programmes follow academic standards set by the Association of Indonesian Pharmacy Higher Education, based on the Seven Star Pharmacist concept developed by the World Health Organisation (WHO). Most pharmacy undergraduate programmes are focused on general pharmacy skills and knowledge, which includes pharmaceutical sciences and clinical pharmacy. Professional pharmacy programmes provide more pharmacy practice training and skills; thus, graduates have broader career opportunities than undergraduates because they are prepared for higher responsibilities within pharmacy practice. Although there have been significant improvements in pharmacy education, there remain challenges related to government policies, stakeholder agreements, educational offerings, competencies, and training. This requires considerable collective efforts from the government, educational systems, associations, and other stakeholders to improve the role of pharmacists in Indonesia.
References
Accreditation Council for Pharmacy Education Accreditation. (2016). Accreditation Council for Pharmacy Education Accreditation Standards and Key Elements for The Professional Program in Pharmacy Leading to the Doctor of Pharmacy Degree. Accreditation Council for Pharmacy Education. https://www.acpe-accredit.org/pdf/Standards2016FINAL.pdf
Andayani, T.M., & Satibi, S. (2016). Pharmacy Practice in Indonesia. In A.I. Fathelrahman, M.I.M. Ibrahim, & A.I. Wertheimer (Eds.), Pharmacy Practice in Developing Countries (pp. 41–56). Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-801714-2.00003-4
Anderson, C., Bates, I., Beck, D., Brock, T., Futter, B., Mercer, H., Rouse, M., Wuliji, T., & Yonemura, A. (2008). The WHO UNESCO FIP Pharmacy Education Taskforce: Enabling Concerted and Collective Global Action. American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education, 72(6), 127 https://doi.org/10.5688/aj7206127
Anderson, C., Bates, I., Beck, D., Brock, T. P., Futter, B., Mercer, H., Rouse, M., Whitmarsh, S., Wuliji, T., & Yonemura, A. (2009). The WHO UNESCO FIP Pharmacy Education Taskforce. Human Resources for Health, 7, 45. https://doi.org/10.1186/1478-4491-7-45
Asia Pasific Observatory on Health Systems and Policies. (2017). The Republic of Indonesia Health System Review. Health Systems in Transition, 7(1)
Association of Indonesian Pharmacy Higher Education. (2013). Academic Script: Graduate Competencies Standard and Pharmacy Education Curriculum Standard for Undergraduate and Apothecary Study Program. Education Development Commission AIPHE
Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia. (2021). Submit Online Application. https://admission.atmajaya.ac.id/
Azhar, S., Hassali, M.A., Ibrahim, M.I.M., Ahmad, M., Masood, I., & Shafie, A.A. (2009). The role of pharmacists in developing countries: The current scenario in Pakistan. Human Resources for Health, 7, 54. PubMed. https://doi.org/10.1186/1478-4491-7-54
Basak, S.C., & Sathyanarayana, D. (2010). Pharmacy education in India. American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education, 74(4), 68. PubMed. https://doi.org/10.5688/aj740468
Brashers, V., Haizlip, J., & Owen, J.A. (2020). The ASPIRE Model: Grounding the IPEC core competencies for interprofessional collaborative practice within a foundational framework. Journal of Interprofessional Care, 34(1), 128–132. https://doi.org/10.1080/13561820.2019.1624513
Brawijaya University. (2019). Prodi yang Wajib Mengunggah Surat Keterangan Buta Warna pada Daftar Ulang SBMPTN/SNMPTN 2019 | SELMA UB. https://selma.ub.ac.id/prodi-yang-wajib-mengunggah-surat-keterangan-buta-warna-pada-daftar-ulang-snmptn-2019/
Brawijaya University. (2020). Penerimaan Mahasiswa Baru Program Profesi Apoteker Semester Genap 2019/2020. https://selma.ub.ac.id/en/penerimaan-mahasiswa-baru-program-profesi-apoteker-semester-genap-20192020/
Central Bureau of Statistics. (2010). Indonesian citizenship, ethnicity, religion, and everyday language: The results of the 2010 population census
Chanakit, T., Low, B.Y., Wongpoowarak, P., Moolasarn, S., & Anderson, C. (2014). A Survey of Pharmacy Education in Thailand. American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education, 78(9), 161. https://doi.org/10.5688/ajpe789161
Chute, C., & French, T. (2019). Introducing Care 4.0: An Integrated Care Paradigm Built on Industry 4.0 Capabilities. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(12), 2247. PubMed. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16122247
College Entrance Test Institute. (2021). Website Resmi LTMPT. https://www.ltmpt.ac.id/
Embassy of the Republic of Indonesia Washington D.C. (2017). Facts & Figures. https://www.embassyofindonesia.org/index.php/basic-facts/
Farmalkes. (2016). Rapat Koordinasi Komite Farmasi Nasional 2016. Farmalkes. https://farmalkes.kemkes.go.id/2016/08/rapat-koordinasi-komite-farmasi-nasional/
Gadjah Mada University. (2018). Kurikulum – Program Studi Profesi Apoteker Fakultas Farmasi UGM. https://apoteker.farmasi.ugm.ac.id/kurikulum/
Hermansyah, A., Sainsbury, E., & Krass, I. (2018). Multiple policy approaches in improving community pharmacy practice: The case in Indonesia. BMC Health Services Research, 18(1), 449. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-018-3258-8
Indonesian Ministry of Education and Culture. (2020). PDDikti—Pangkalan Data Pendidikan Tinggi. Retrieved November 12, 2019, from https://pddikti.kemdikbud.go.id/
Health Ministerial Regulation on Registration, Practice License, and Work Permit for Pharmaceutical Personnel, Pub. L. No. 889/MENKES/PER/V/2011, 1 (2011). https://peraturan.bpk.go.id/Home/Details/139675/permenkes-no-889menkesperv2011-tahun-2011
Amendment to Health Minister Regulation Number 889/MENKES/PER/V/2011 Concerning Registration, Practice License, and Work Permit for Pharmaceutical Personnel, Pub. L. No. 31, 1 (2016). https://peraturan.bpk.go.id/Home/Details/113061/permenkes-no-31-tahun-2016
Indonesian Ministry of Health. (2016). Core Curriculum of Vocational Pharmacy Education. Health Human Resources Development and Empowerment Agency. http://bppsdmk.kemkes.go.id/pusdiksdmk/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/KURIKULUM-INTI-D3-FARMASI-2016.pdf
Health Ministerial Regulation on Hospital Classification and Licensing (2020). https://peraturan.bpk.go.id/Home/Details/152506/permenkes-no-3-tahun-2020
Institut Ilmu Kesehatan Medika Persada Bali. (2020). Profil Program Studi Farmasi Klinis. http://www.unbi.ac.id/info-prodi/9/farmasi-klinis-s1.html
Mahendradhata, Y., Trisnantoro, L., Soewondo, P., Marthias, T., Harimurti, P., & Prawira, J. (2017). The Republic of Indonesia Health System Review, Health Systems in Transition (W. Patcharanarumol & K. Hort, Eds.; 1st ed., Vol. 7). WHO Regional Office for South-East Asia. https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/254716
Margolis, A.R., Porter, A.L., & Pitterle, M.E. (2017). Best Practices for Use of Blended Learning. American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education, 81(3). https://doi.org/10.5688/ajpe81349
Media, K. C. (2021, January 16). 20 Jurusan Kuliah IPA dengan Daya Saing Tinggi di SNMPTN 2020 Halaman 2. KOMPAS.com. https://www.kompas.com/edu/read/2021/01/16/090000771/20-jurusan-kuliah-ipa-dengan-daya-saing-tinggi-di-snmptn-2020
Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development (OECD). (2019). Education at A Glance. https://www.oecd.org/education/education-at-a-glance/EAG2019_CN_IDN.pdf
Padjajaran University. (2010). Persyaratan. Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Padjadjaran. https://farmasi.unpad.ac.id/persyaratan/
Government Regulation on Pharmaceutical Works, Pub. L. No. 51, 1 (2009). https://jdih.kemenkeu.go.id/fulltext/2009/51tahun2009pp.htm
Puspitasari, H. P., Aslani, P., & Krass, I. (2015). Challenges in the management of chronic noncommunicable diseases by Indonesian community pharmacists. Pharmacy Practice, 13(3), 578. PubMed. https://doi.org/10.18549/PharmPract.2015.03.578
Regulation of The President, The Republic of Indonesia No. 8. (2012)
School of Pharmacy ITB. (2019). Pharmacist Participant Requirements. https://usm.itb.ac.id/itb_versi1/program-profesi/program-apoteker#program-profesi-persyaratan-peserta-apoteker
School of Pharmacy ITB. (2021). Struktur Kurikulum—Sekolah Farmasi. https://fa.itb.ac.id/kurikulum-program-doktor/
Universitas Pancasila. (2021). Penerimaan Mahasiswa Baru Online Universitas Pancasila. http://pmbonline.univpancasila.ac.id/apoteker/informasi/syaratpeserta_apoteker.php
University of Indonesia. (2020). Kurikulum (Apt) Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Indonesia. https://farmasi.ui.ac.id/program-studi/apoteker/kurikulum/
University of Indonesia. (2021). Persyaratan Pendaftaran Program Studi—Profesi Jalur SIMAK Periode 2018/2019 Semester 2. SIMAK-UI. https://penerimaan.ui.ac.id/period/requirement/2282
Vo, T.-H., Bedouch, P., Nguyen, T.-H., Nguyen, T.-L.-H., Hoang, T.-K.-H., Calop, J., & Allenet, B. (2013). Pharmacy education in Vietnam. American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education, 77(6), 114. PubMed. https://doi.org/10.5688/ajpe776114
Wallman, A., Vaudan, C., & Sporrong, S.K. (2013). Communications training in pharmacy education, 1995-2010. American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education, 77(2), 36. PubMed. https://doi.org/10.5688/ajpe77236
Wibowo, Y., Parsons, R., Sunderland, B., & Hughes, J. (2015). Evaluation of community pharmacy-based services for type-2 diabetes in an Indonesian setting: Pharmacist survey. International Journal of Clinical Pharmacy, 37(5), 873–882. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11096-015-0135-y
Wiedenmayer, K., Rob S. Summers, Clare A. Mackie, Andries G.S. Gous, Marthe Everard, & Dick Tromp. (2006). Developing Pharmacy Practice: A Focus on Patient Care: Handbook. World Health Organization and International Pharmaceutical Federation. https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/69399
Winanti, F.L. Gaol, T.A. Napitupulu, H. Soeparno, & A. Trisetyarso. (2018). Learning Framework in the Industrial Age 4.0 in Higher Education. 2018 Indonesian Association for Pattern Recognition International Conference (INAPR), 227–232. https://doi.org/10.1109/INAPR.2018.8627039
World Health Organization. (1997). The role of the pharmacist in the health care system: Preparing the future pharmacist: Curricular development: Report of a third WHO Consultative Group on the Role of the Pharmacist. World Health Organization. https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/63817/WHO_PHARM_97_599.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
World Health Organization. (2014). World Health Statistics 2014—Indicator Compendium. World Health Organization. https://www.who.int/gho/publications/world_health_statistics/whs2014_indicatorcompendium.pdf?ua=1
World Health Organization. (2020). Indonesia. https://www.who.int/countries/idn/en
