RESEARCH ARTICLE: Students’ proposed self-management strategies in response to written cases depicting situations of adversity

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.46542/pe.2021.211.810816

Keywords:

Emotional intelligence, Emotional regulation, Resilience, Pharmacy

Abstract

Introduction: Pharmacy students are facing academic and non-academic pressures that require emotional regulation. This study explored students’ possible self-management strategies when encountering situations known to deplete resilience.   

Methods: This was a qualitative think-aloud study designed to elicit final year pharmacy students’ reactions to situations known to deplete resilience and evoke emotional responses (racism, lack of trust, negative feedback, burnout, personal stress, sexual harassment). Thematic analysis was used to capture the strategies students used to self-manage their emotions.   

Results: Students made use of three types of processes to self-manage their emotions, which were used to construct three overarching strategies: the internalizer (avoidance, self-reflection), the seeker (asking for help or corroboration), and the confronter (approaching the situation and persons involved ‘head on’).    

Conclusion: Findings support the notion that students’ self-management is not a ‘one size fits all’ construct, and any approach to emotional skill development needs to recognize individualization within student responses.

Author Biographies

Jared Davidson, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand

School of Pharmacy

Claire Simmonds, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand

School of Pharmacy

Karen Whitfield, University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Australia

School of Pharmacy

Kyle John Wilby, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada

College of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health

References

Arora, S., Russ, S., Petrides, K.V, et al. (2011). Emotional intelligence and stress in medical students performing surgical tasks. Acad Med, 86, 1311-1317. https://doi.org/10.1097/ACM.0b013e31822bd7aa

Beall, J.W., DeHart, R.M., Riggs, R.M., & Hensley, J. (2015). Perceived Stress, Stressors, and Coping Mechanisms among Doctor of Pharmacy Students. Pharmacy (Basel) J, 3(4), 344–354. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmacy3040344

Bexelius, T., Lachmann, H., Jambert-Pettersson, H., Kalen, S., Moller, R., & Ponzer, S. (2019). Stress among medical students during clinical courses: a longitudinal study using contextual activity sampling system. Int J Med Educ, 10, 68-74. https://doi.org/10.5116/ijme.5c94.9391

Bradberry, T., & Greaves, J. (2009). Emotional intelligence 2.0. San Diego: TalentSmart

Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qual Res in Psychol., 3, 77-101. https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa

Chew, B.H., Zain, A., & Hassan, F. (2013). Emotional intelligence and academic performance in first and final year medical students: a cross-sectional study. BMC Med Educ, 13, 44. https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6920-13-44

Doulougeri, K., Panagopoulou, E., & Montgomery, A. (2016). (How) do medical students regulate their emotions? BMC Med Educ, 16, 312. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-016-0832-9

Dresser, J.D., Whitfield, K.M., Kremer, L.J., & Wilby, K.J. (2021). Exploring how postmillennial pharmacy students balance life priorities and avoid situations known to deplete resilience. Am J Pharm Educ, 85(4), 8369. https://doi.org/10.5688/ajpe8369

Foster, K., Cuzzillo, C., & Furness, T. (2018). Strengthening mental health nurses’ resilience through a workplace resilience programme: a qualitative inquiry. J Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs, 25, 338-348. https://doi.org/10.1111/jpm.12467

Goleman, D. (1995). Emotional Intelligence. New York: Bantam Books. https://doi.org/10.1037/e538982004-001

Greenhill, J., Fielke, K.R., Richards, J.N., Walker, L.J., & Walters, L.K. (2015). Towards an understanding of medical resilience in longitudinal integrated clerkships. BMC Med Educ, 15, 137. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-015-0404-4

Heinen, I., Bullinger, M., & Kocalevent, R. (2017). Perceived stress in first year medical students – associations with personal resources and emotional distress. BMC Med Educ, 17, 4. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-016-0841-8

Hill, M.R., Goicochea, S., & Merlo, L.J. (2018). In their own words: stressors facing medical students in the millennial generation. Med Educ Online, 23, 1530558. https://doi.org/10.1080/10872981.2018.1530558

Johnson, D.R. (2015). Emotional intelligence as a crucial component to medical education. Int J Med Educ, 6, 179-83. https://doi.org/10.5116/ijme.5654.3044

MacCann, C., Jiang, Y., Brown, L.E.R., Double, K.S., Bucich, M., & Minbashian, A. (2020). Emotional intelligence predicts academic performance: a meta-analysis. Psychol Bull, 146, 150-186. https://doi.org/10.1037/bul0000219

McKerrow, I., Carney, P.A., Caretta-Weyer, H., Furnari, M., & Miller Juve, A. (2020). Trends in medical students’ stress, physical, and emotional health throughout training. Med Educ Online, 25(1), 1709278. https://doi.org/10.1080/10872981.2019.1709278

Monrouxe, L.V., Rees, C.E., Endacott, R., & Ternan, E. (2014). “Even now it makes me angry”: health care students’ professionalism dilemma narratives. Med Educ, 48, 502–517. https://doi.org/10.1111/medu.12377

Perry, S.P., Hardeman, R., Burke, S.E., Cunningham, B., Burgess, D.J., & van Ryn, M. (2016). The impact of everyday discrimination and racial identity centrality on African American medical student wellbeing: a report from the medical student CHANGE study. J Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities. 3, 519-526. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40615-015-0170-3

Rees, C.E., Monrouxe, L.V., & McDonald, L.A. (2013). Narrative, emotion and action: analysing ‘most memorable’ professionalism dilemmas. Med Educ, 47, 80-96. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2923.2012.04302.x

Ribeiro, I., Pereira, R., Freire, I.V., de Oliveira, B.G., Casotti, C.A., & Boery, E.N. (2018). Stress and quality of life among university students: a systematic literature review. Health Prof Educ, 4, 70-77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hpe.2017.03.002

Shahid, R., Stirling, J., & Adams, W. (2018). Promoting wellness and stress management in residents through emotional intelligence training. Adv Med Educ Pract, 20, 681-686. https://doi.org/10.2147/AMEP.S175299

Stratton, T.D., Saunders, J.A., & Elam, C.L. (2008). Changes in medical students’ emotional intelligence: an exploratory study. Teach Learn Med, 20, 279-284. https://doi.org/10.1080/10401330802199625

Sutton, J., & Austin, Z. (2015). Qualitative research: data collection, analysis, and management. Can J Hosp Pharm, 68, 226-231. https://doi.org/10.4212/cjhp.v68i3.1456

Van Semeren, M.W., Barnard, Y.F., (1994). Sandberg, J.A.C. The Think Aloud Method: A Practical Guide to Modelling Cognitive Processes. London: Academic Press

Downloads

Published

02-12-2021

How to Cite

Davidson, J., Simmonds, C., Whitfield, K., & Wilby, K. J. (2021). RESEARCH ARTICLE: Students’ proposed self-management strategies in response to written cases depicting situations of adversity . Pharmacy Education, 21, p. 810–816. https://doi.org/10.46542/pe.2021.211.810816

Issue

Section

Research Article