Morphology and physicochemical properties of starch extracted from Indonesian ginger

Authors

  • Indah Yulia Ningsih University of Jember, Jember, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6745-7564
  • Dewi Dianasari University of Jember, Jember, Indonesia
  • Mochammad Amrun Hidayat University of Jember, Jember, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.46542/pe.2023.232.4752

Keywords:

Morphology, Physicochemical property, Starch, Zingiber officinale

Abstract

Background: Starch of ginger (Zingiber officinale) is potentially developed as a pharmaceutical excipient of dosage forms. In Indonesia, there are three varieties of ginger, namely Z. officinale var. Roscoe, Z. officinale var. Amarum, and Z. officinale var. Rubrum.

Objective: To characterise the morphology and physicochemical properties of starches from the three ginger varieties.   

Method: The morphology of ginger starch was characterised using a light microscope and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Physicochemical properties were determined using several methods from previous studies.   

Result: Starch granules of three ginger varieties were elliptical and showed an eccentric hilum with lamella. Starch of Z. officinale var. Amarum (SZA) had enormous size and led the highest swelling power, solubility, density, emulsion capacity, and moisture content. Starch of Z. officinale var. Roscoe (SZRo) had a more acidic pH (6.44 ± 0.02) without foaming capacity. SZA and SZRo had higher browning temperatures, lower gelatinised temperatures, and water absorption. Starch of Z. officinale var. Rubrum (SZRu) exhibited the highest charring temperature (279.00 ± 1.00 °C). Particle size distribution of all starches showed that more than 98% of particles had less than 179 µm in size.   

Conclusion: Ginger starch can be potentially developed as an excipient of pharmaceutical dosage forms in an optimum formula.

Author Biographies

Indah Yulia Ningsih , University of Jember, Jember, Indonesia

Pharmaceutical Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy

Dewi Dianasari , University of Jember, Jember, Indonesia

Pharmaceutical Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy

Mochammad Amrun Hidayat , University of Jember, Jember, Indonesia

Pharmaceutical Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy

References

Adebowale, B. O., Gbenga, B. L., & Yewande, F. (2014). Morphology, Functional and Pasting Properties of Ginger Starches Prepared by Four Different Drying Methods. British Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 4(12), 1439–1450. https://doi.org/10.9734/BJPR/2014/10499

Afolayan, M. O., Adama, K. A., Oberafo, A., Omojola, M., & Thomas, S. (2014). Isolation and characterization studies of ginger (Zingiber officinale) root starch as a potential industrial biomaterial. American Journal of Materials Science, 42, 97–102

Badan Standarisasi Nasional. (2019). SNI 01-3709-1995: Rempah-Rempah Bubuk (powdered herbs and spices)

Boyer, C. D., Garwood, D. L., & Shannon, J. C. (1976). The Interaction of the Amylose-Extender and Waxy Mutants of Maize (Zea Mays L.) Fine Structure of Amylose-Extender Waxy Starch. Starch - Stärke, 28(12), 405–410. https://doi.org/10.1002/star.19760281202

Braga, M. E. M., Moreschi, S. R. M., & Meireles, M. A. A. (2006). Effects of supercritical fluid extraction on Curcuma longa L. and Zingiber officinale R. starches. Carbohydrate Polymers, 63(3), 340–346. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2005.08.055

Chowdary, K. P. R., & Enturi, V. (2011). Preparation Characterization and Evaluation of Starch Citrate- A New Modified Starch as a Disintegrant in Tablet Formulations. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Development, 12(2), 9–17

Faradisa, H., Cahyani, M. D., Rosyidi, V. A., Hidayat, M. A., & Ningsih, I. Y. (2020). The formulation of ginger oil nanoemulsions of three varieties of ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) as natural antioxidant. Journal of Research in Pharmacy, 24(6), 914–924. https://doi.org/10.35333/JRP.2020.251

Gavrilova, A., Gavrilov, G., & Trifonova, D. (2022). Contribution to the microscopic identification of Zingiber officinale. Pharmacia, 69(1), 93–97. https://doi.org/10.3897/pharmacia.69.e78304

Hasan, M. M., Rana, M. S., Uddin, N., Rahman, K. J., & Chowdhury, S. S. (2015). Comparative Evaluation of Solanum tuberosum L. and Manihot esculenta Starch as Pharmaceutical Excipients: Assessment by Preformulation Studies. Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal, 17(2), 128–134. https://doi.org/10.3329/bpj.v17i2.22328

Hoover, R. (2001). Composition, molecular structure, and physicochemical properties of tuber and root starches: a review. Carbohydrate Polymers, 45(3), 253–267. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0144-8617(00)00260-5

Jiménez, A., Fabra, M. J., Talens, P., & Chiralt, A. (2012). Edible and Biodegradable Starch Films: A Review. Food and Bioprocess Technology, 5(6), 2058–2076. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11947-012-0835-4

Kolawole, S. A., Igwemmar, N. C., & Bello, H. A. (2013). Comparison of the physicochemical properties of starch from ginger (Zingiber officinale) and maize (Zea mays). International Journal of Science and Research, 2(11), 71–75

Nuwamanya, E., Baguma, Y., Emambux, N., Taylor, J., & Rubaihayo, P. (2010). Physicochemical and functional characteristics of cassava starch in Ugandan varieties and their progenies. Journal of Plant Breeding and Crop Science, 2(1), 1–11

Ohwoavworhua, F., & Adelakun, T. (2010). Non-wood fibre production of microcrystalline cellulose from Sorghum caudatum: Characterisation and tableting properties. Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 72(3), 295–301. https://doi.org/10.4103/0250-474X.70473

Omojola, M., Akinkunmi, Y., Olufunsho, K., Egharevba, H., & Martins, E. (2010). Isolation and physicochemical characterization of cola-starch. African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development, 10(7), 2884–2900. https://doi.org/10.4314/ajfand.v10i7.59042

Patel, H. K., Chauhan, P., Patel, K. N., Patel, B. A., & Patel, P. A. (2012). Formulation and evaluation of effervescent tablet of paracetamol and ibuprofen. International Journal for Pharmaceutical Research Scholars, 1(2), 509–520. https://doi.org/10.31638/IJPRS.V1.I1.00020

Tester, R. F., Karkalas, J., & Qi, X. (2004). Starch composition, fine structure and architecture. Journal of Cereal Science, 39(2), 151–165. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcs.2003.12.001

Zhang, P., Whistler, R. L., BeMiller, J. N., & Hamaker, B. R. (2005). Banana starch: production, physicochemical properties, and digestibility—a review. Carbohydrate Polymers, 59(4), 443–458. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2004.10.014

Downloads

Published

15-05-2023

How to Cite

Ningsih , I. Y., Dianasari , D., & Hidayat , M. A. (2023). Morphology and physicochemical properties of starch extracted from Indonesian ginger. Pharmacy Education, 23(2), p. 47–52. https://doi.org/10.46542/pe.2023.232.4752

Issue

Section

Special Edition