Building capacity for drug development process in Africa‒A workable model

Authors

  • Chinedum Peace Babalola Centre for Drug Discovery, Development and Production, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria & Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
  • Olayinka Kotila Centre for Drug Discovery, Development and Production, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria & Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
  • Babatunde Bolorunduro Samuel Centre for Drug Discovery, Development and Production, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria & Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
  • Oladapo Adetunji Centre for Drug Discovery, Development and Production, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria & Department of Pharmaceutical and Industrial Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
  • Grace Olusola Gbotosho Centre for Drug Discovery, Development and Production, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria & Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
  • Jones O. Moody Centre for Drug Discovery, Development and Production, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria & Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
  • Adewale Muyiwa Adeyemi Centre for Drug Discovery, Development and Production, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
  • Olufemi Adegbola Centre for Drug Discovery, Development and Production, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
  • Gbekel’Oluwa Akinyele Centre for Drug Discovery, Development and Production, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
  • Oludele A. Itiola Centre for Drug Discovery, Development and Production, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria & Department of Pharmaceutical and Industrial Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
  • Joseph Fortunak Department of Chemistry, Howard University, Washington DC, United States

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.46542/pe.2024.241.112

Keywords:

Capacity building, Centre of excellence, Drug discovery, Quality medicine

Abstract

Background: Africa’s reliance on drug importation translates to disproportionate transfer of foreign exchange and incessant drug shortages, among other vices. Africans, therefore, need to build capacity in drug discovery, development and production. This article showcases a workable model with an innovative approach of teaching together personnel drawn from Nigeria's academia, pharmaceutical industry and medicine regulation agency.

Method: Didactic training via postgraduate programmes was designed with hands-on experience in drug synthesis and production. Training and research objectives formed the core of activities.

Result: The Centre for Drug Discovery, Development and Production (CDDDP), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ibadan, was established through grant funding from the MacArthur Foundation. The Centre runs two postgraduate degree programmes, has graduated over forty students, organised four workshops, two international conferences, and translated scientific findings to over eleven finished products. In 2014, the African Medicines Regulatory Harmonisation Programme designated CDDDP a Regional Centre of Regulatory Excellence and since 2019, it has partnered with the United States Pharmacopeia to promote the quality of medicines in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC).

Conclusion: Capacity building in drug development processes in an LMIC has been developed with resultful outcomes and is proposed as a workable template for other LMICs.  

References

Abarikwu, S. O., Mgbudom-Okah, C. J., Onuah, C. L., & Ogunlaja, A. (2019). Fluted pumpkin seeds protect against busulfan-induced oxidative stress and testicular injuries in adult mice. Drug and Chemical Toxicology, 45(1), 22‒3. https://doi.org/10.1080/01480545.2019.1657885

Abate, M. A., Stamatakis, M. K., & Haggett, R. R. (2003). Excellence in curriculum development and assessment. American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education, 67(3), 89. https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Excellence-in-Curriculum-Development-and-Assessment-Abate-Stamatakis/41f025c2ec126bb7e31d4615adbe7b1e3982de75

Adebisi, Y. A., Nwogu, I. B., Alaran, A. J., Badmos, A. O., Bamgboye, A. O., Rufai, B. O., Okonji, O. C., Malik, M. O., Teibo, J. O., Abdalla, S. F., Lucero-Prisno, D. E., Samai, M., & Akande-Sholabi, W. (2022). Revisiting the issue of access to medicines in Africa: Challenges and recommendations. Public Health Challenges, 1(2), e9. https://doi.org/10.1002/PUH2.9

Agyepong, I. A., Sewankambo, N., Binagwaho, A., Awa, M. C.-S., Corrah, T., Ezeh, A., Fekadu, A., Kilonzo, N., Lamptey, P., Masiye, F., Mayosi, B., Mboup, S., Muyembe, J.-J., Pate, M., Sidibe, M., Simons, B., Tlou, S., Gheorghe, A., Legido-Quigley, H., … & Piot, P. (2017). The path to longer and healthier lives for all Africans by 2030: The Lancet Commission on the future of health in sub-Saharan Africa. The Lancet Commissions, 390, 2803‒2859. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(17)31509-X

Andurkar, S., Fjortoft, N., Sincak, C., & Todd, T. (2010). Development of a center for teaching excellence. American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education, 74(7), 123. https://doi.org/10.5688/aj7407123

Anyakora, C., Ekwunife, O., Alozie, F., Esuga, M., Ukwuru, J., Onya, S., & Nwokike, J. (2017). Cost benefit of investment on quality in pharmaceutical manufacturing: WHO GMP pre- and post-certification of a Nigerian pharmaceutical manufacturer. BMC Health Services Research, 17(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-017-2610-8

AUDA-NEPAD. (2022). Regional Centres of Regulatory Excellence (RCOREs). African Union Development Agency. https://www.nepad.org/publication/regional-centres-of-regulatory-excellence-rcores

Babapour, J., Gholipour, A., & Mehralian, G. (2018). Human resource management challenges to develop pharmaceutical industry: Evidence from developing countries. Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 17(Special Issue 2), 224–238. https://doi.org/10.22037/ijpr.2018.2385

Berger, M., Murugi, J., Buch, E., IJsselmuiden C, Moran, M., Guzman, J., Devlin, M., & Kubata, B. (2010). Strengthening pharmaceutical innovation in Africa. Council on Health Research for Development (COHRED) & New Partnership for Africa’s Development (NEPAD). https://www.unido.org/sites/default/files/2016-01/COHRED-NEPAD_Strengthening_Pharmaceutical_Innovation_Africa__Report_May_2010_FINALweb_0.pdf

CDDDP. (2013). Center for Drug Discovery, Development and Production (CDDDP). Center for Drug Discovery, Development and Production. https://pgschool.ui.edu.ng/program.php?department=Centre%20For%20Drug%20Discovery,%20Development%20and%20Production

Diez-Echave, P., Vezza, T., Rodríguez-Nogales, A., Ruiz-Malagón, A. J., Hidalgo-García, L., Garrido-Mesa, J., Molina-Tijeras, J. A., Romero, M., Robles-Vera, I., Pimentel-Moral, S., Borras-Linares, I., Arráez-Román, D., Segura-Carretero, A., Micol, V., García, F., Duarte, J., Rodríguez-Cabezas, M. E., & Gálvez, J. (2020). The prebiotic properties of Hibiscus sabdariffa extract contribute to the beneficial effects in diet-induced obesity in mice. Food Research International, 127, 108772. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2019.108722

Ekeigwe, A. A. (2019). Drug manufacturing and access to medicines: The West African story. A literature review of challenges and proposed remediation. AAPS Open, 5(1), 3. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41120-019-0032-x

Hammer, D., Piascik, P., Medina, M., Pittenger, A., Rose, R., Creekmore, F., Soltis, R., Bouldin, A., Schwarz, L., & Scott, S. (2010). Recognition of teaching excellence. American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education, 74(9), 164. https://doi.org/10.5688/aj7409164

Idiegbeyan-Ose, J., Ohaegbulam, H., & Osayande, O. (2015). Conference/workshop attendance by librarians: Benefits, challenges, and prospects. Chinese Librarianship, 39(39), 30–39. https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/32225491.pdf

International Pharmaceutical Federation (FIP). (2008). A global framework for quality assurance of pharmacy education. The International Pharmaceutical Federation. https://www.fip.org/files/fip/PharmacyEducation/Global Framework Final Draft.pdf

Kabene, S. M., Orchard, C., Howard, J. M., Soriano, M. A., & Leduc, R. (2006). The importance of human resources management in health care: A global context. Human Resources for Health, 4, 20. https://doi.org/10.1186/1478-4491-4-20

Njoku, R. C. C., Abarikwu, S. O., Uwakwe, A. A., Mgbudom-Okah, C. J., & Ezirim, C. Y. (2019). Dietary fluted pumpkin seeds induce reversible oligospermia and androgen insufficiency in adult rats. Systems Biology in Reproductive Medicine, 65(6), 437‒450. https://doi.org/10.1080/19396368.2019.1612482

Odeku, O.A., Adisa, R., Adetunji, O.A., Durowaiye, M.A. and Kotila, O. A., Odeku, O. A., Adisa, R., Adetunji, O. A., Durowaiye, M. A., & O.A, K. (2019). Towards the development of blueprint for health security in Nigeria by 2050: A review of drug development, supply of quality medicines and treatment issues. African Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences, 48(Supplement), 185–193.

Ogilvie, L., Mill, J. E., Astle, B., Fanning, A., & Opare, M. (2007). The exodus of health professionals from sub-Saharan Africa: Balancing human rights and societal needs in the twenty-first century. Nursing Inquiry, 14(2), 114–124. https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1440-1800.2007.00358.X

Pheage, T. (2017). Dying from lack of medicines: Encouraging local production, right policies the way out. United Nations Africa Renewal. https://www.un.org/africarenewal/magazine/december-2016-march-2017/dying-lack-medicines

Quick, J. D., Boohene, N. A., Rankin, J., & Mbwasi, R. J. (2005). Medicines supply in Africa: Should improve through regional collaborations and accredited drug shops. BMJ: British Medical Journal, 331(7519), 709. https://doi.org/10.1136/BMJ.331.7519.709

Schwartz, A. H., Daugherty, K. K., O, C. K., Professor, F., Smith, L., Poirier, T. I., Professor, B., Scholar, S., Khan Ghilzai, N., Truong, J., Assistant Professor, B., Dey, S., Professor, A., Henriksen, J. A., & Associate Professor, P. (2013). A curriculum committee toolkit for addressing the 2013 CAPE outcomes. https://www.aacp.org/sites/default/files/2017-10/CurriculumSIGCAPEPaperFinalNov2014.pdf

Shukar, S., Zahoor, F., Hayat, K., Saeed, A., Gillani, A. H., Omer, S., Hu, S., Babar, Z. U. D., Fang, Y., & Yang, C. (2021). Drug shortage: Causes, impact, and mitigation strategies. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 12, 1772. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2021.693426

Signé, L. (2021). Strategies for effective health care for Africa in the fourth industrial revolution: Bridging the gap between the promise and delivery. Africa Growth Initiative at Brookings. https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/Strategies-for-effective-health-care-delivery-in-Africa_FINAL.pdf

Tomei, L., Bernauer, J., & Moretti, A. (2016). Developing a center for teaching excellence: A higher education case study using the integrated readiness matrix. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield

USP. (2019). Consortium of partners | Promoting the Quality of Medicines Plus. The United States Pharmacopeial Convention. https://www.usp-pqmplus.org/about/consortium-of-partners

WHO. (2012). Human resources management and capacity development. In Management Sciences for Health (pp. 51.1-51.29). http://apps.who.int/medicinedocs/documents/s19628en/s19628en.pdf

WHO. (2014). WHO Prequalification - Building quality-assured manufacturing capacity in Nigeria. WHO Drug Information, 28(4), 425–430. https://www.scribd.com/document/398336553/Building-Quality-Assured-Manufacturing-Capacity-in-Nigeria-WHO-Prequalification

World Health Organization. (2011). Survey of the quality of selected antimalarial medicines circulating in six countries of sub-Saharan Africa. https://www.afro.who.int/sites/default/files/2017-06/WHO_QAMSA_report.pdf

Zhang, B., Yue, R., Wang, Y., Wang, L., Chin, J., Huang, X., & Jiang, Y. (2019). Effect of Hibiscus sabdariffa (Roselle) supplementation in regulating blood lipids among patients with metabolic syndrome and related disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Phytotherapy Research, 34(5), 1083‒1095. https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.6592

Downloads

Published

12-01-2024

How to Cite

Babalola, C. P., Kotila, O., Samuel, B. B., Adetunji, O., Gbotosho, G. O., Moody, J. O., Adeyemi, A. M., Adegbola, O., Akinyele, G., Itiola, O. A., & Fortunak, J. (2024). Building capacity for drug development process in Africa‒A workable model. Pharmacy Education, 24(1), p. 1–12. https://doi.org/10.46542/pe.2024.241.112

Issue

Section

Research Article