Using volunteer simulated patients in development of pre-registration pharmacists: Learning from the experience

Authors

  • Debra Nestel Division of Surgery, Oncology, Reproductive Biology and Anaesthesia, Department of Biosurgery and Surgical Technology, Imperial College London, London, UK
  • Angela Calandra Department of Pharmacy Practice, Victorian College of Pharmacy, Monash University, Parkville, Vic. 3052, Australia
  • Rohan A. Elliot Department of Pharmacy Practice, Victorian College of Pharmacy, Monash University, Parkville, Vic. 3052, Australia

Keywords:

Simulated patients, standardised patients, communication, role play, pharmacy education

Abstract

Effective communication is recognised as a key professional skill for pharmacists. Pharmacy education has a relatively recent history of communication training. Content and methods vary widely and limited use is made of simulated patients (SPs). The purpose of this paper is to describe and evaluate a communication session that uses volunteer SPs to support the training of pre-registrant pharmacists (PRPs). The session enabled PRPs to interview an SP and observe their colleagues in different scenarios. Each group was facilitated by an experienced pharmacist. SPs, PRPs and tutors participated in feedback. Evaluation data was collected immediately after the session. Participants rated the session highly in terms of educational value. PRPs met learning objectives that focused on practice and reflection. Feedback on performance was highly valued. A volunteer SP session can support learning of PRPs. We do not know whether the benefits will have lasting value or translate into practice. Although we used volunteer SPs, scenarios with higher challenge are likely to require the use of professional SPs. Volunteer SPs provided an opportunity for direct involvement of users of health care services in health professional education.

References

Adamo, G. (2003). Simulated and standardized patients in OSCEs: Achievements and challenges 1992–2003. Medical Teacher, May 25(3), 262–270.

Arita, E., Hosoya, M., Iketani, H., Iioka, T., Ideguchi, N., Ogawa, Y., Goto, K., & Yoshida, K. (2004). Nationwide research on communication education curriculum in the faculty of pharma- ceutical science [Japanese]. Journal of the Pharmaceutical Society of Japan, Abstract 124(12), 997–1002.

Austin, Z., & Tabak, D. (1998). Design of a new professional practice laboratory course using standardised patients. American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education, Fall 62(3), 271–279.

Barrows, H. S. (1993). An overview of the uses of standardised patients for teaching and evaluating clinical skills. Academic Medicine, 68, 443–451.

Beardsley, R. S. (2001). Communication skills development in colleges of pharmacy. American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education, Winter 65(4), 307–314.

Black, S. A., Nestel, D., Horrocks, E. J., Harrison, R. H., Jones, N., Wetzel, C., Wolfe, J. H. N., Kneebone, R. L., & Darzi, A. (2006). Evaluation of a framework for case development and simulated patient training for complex procedures. Simulation in Health- care, 1(2), 66–71.

Brufee, K. (1999). Collaborative learning: Higher education, Interdependence and the Authority of Knowledge, 2nd ed. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press.

Collett, J. H., Rees, J. A., Mylrea, S., & Crowther, I. (1994). Performance based assessment in pharmacy education. Inter- national Journal of Pharmacy Practice, 3, 38–41.

Droege, M. (2003). The role of reflective practice in pharmacy. Education for Health, March 16(1), 68–74.

Hargie, O. D. W., & Morrow, N. C. (1986). A survey of interpersonal skills teaching in pharmacy schools in the United Kingdom and Ireland. American Journal of Pharmacy Education, 50, 172–175.

Holmboe, E., Yepes, M., Williams, F., & Huot, S. J. (2004). Feedback and the mini clinical examination exercise. Journal of General Internal Medicine, May 19(5 Pt 2), 558–561.

Jacob, E. (1999). Cooperative learning in context. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press.

James, D., Nastasic, S., Horne, R., & Davies, G. (2001). The design and evaluation of a simulated patient teaching programme to develop the consultation skills of undergraduate pharmacy students. Pharmacy World and Science, December 23(6), 212 – 216.

Ker, J. S., Dowie, A., Dowell, J., Dewar, G., Dent, J. A., Ramsay, J., Benvie, S., Bracher, L., & Jackson, C. (2005). Twelve tips for developing and maintaining a SP bank. Medical Teacher, 27(1), 4–92.

Knowles, M. S. (1984). Andragogy in action: Applying modern principles of adult learning. San Francisco, CA: Josey-Bass.

Pharmaceutical Society of Australia. (2003). Competency standards for pharmacists in Australia. Canberra: Pharmaceutical Society of Australia.

Pharmacy Board of Victoria. (2004). Guidelines for good pharmaceutical practice. Melbourne: Pharmacy Board of Victoria.

Royal Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain. (2005). The Performance Standards Programme. In Preregistration Trainee Workbook 2005/06. London: Royal Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain.

Schon, D. A. (1987). Educating the reflective practitioner: Toward a new design for teaching and learning in the professions. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.

Van der Vleuten, C., & Swanson, D. (1990). Assessment of clinical skills with standardised patients: State of the art. Teaching and Learning in Medicine, 2, 58–76.

Vu, N. V., Barrows, H., Marcy, M., Verhulst, S. J., Colliver, J. A., & Travis, T. (1992). Six years of comprehensive clinical performance based assessment using standardised patients at the Southern Illinois University School of Medicine. Academic Medicine, 62, 42–50.

Whelan, G. P., Boulet, J. R., McKinley, D. W., Norcini, J. J., van Zanten, M., Hambleton, R. K., Burdick, W. P., & Peitzman, S. J. (2005). Scoring standardized patient examinations: Lessons learned from the development and administration of the ECFMG Clinical Skills Assessment (CSA). Medical Teacher, May 27(3), 200–206.

Wind, L. A., Van Dalen, J., Muijtjens, A. M., & Rethans, J. J. (2004). Assessing SPs in an educational setting: The MaSP (Maastricht Assessment of SPs). Medical Education, 38, 39–44.

Worley-Louis, M. M., Schommer, J. C., & Finnegan, J. R. (2003). Construct identification and measure development for investi- gating pharmacist–patient relationships. Patient Education and Counselling, 51, 229–238.

Downloads

How to Cite

Nestel, D., Calandra, A., & Elliot, R. A. (2018). Using volunteer simulated patients in development of pre-registration pharmacists: Learning from the experience. Pharmacy Education, 7(1). Retrieved from https://pharmacyeducation.fip.org/pharmacyeducation/article/view/232

Issue

Section

Research Article