The design of a “1-minute break” to help with students’ attention during lectures in a Pharm.D. programme
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.46542/pe.2023.231.648655Keywords:
Attention span, Focus, Intentional disruption, Mini-break, Perceived attention, Trivia questionAbstract
Background: The “1-minute break” is a novel educational approach that introduces intentional breaks through trivia questions to address students’ challenges with paying attention during class time.
Methods: After it was initiated and optimised, the “1-minute break” has been offered to students in different cohorts within the Pharm.D. pre-APPE programme for the past five years. Feedback on the utility of this innovative approach and its optimisation was gathered over the five years. Students also shared their perception of the impact of the “1-minute break” on their attention during classes using a survey with open-ended questions.
Results: The “1-minute break” was highly accepted by all student cohorts. Students strongly favoured implementing this technique across the curriculum. Qualitative analysis of student feedback revealed that the “1-minute- break” helped them stay focused or regain attention in class. Student feedback provided similar comments before, during, and after the COVID-19 pandemic, reflecting that this technique can be implemented independently of the online and in-person teaching formats.
Conclusion: The “1-minute break” technique, which uses intentional breaks by incorporating trivia questions during lectures, seems to help students stay focused or regain their attention during classes. This approach is easily implemented and apparently independent of the content taught.
References
Ames, C. (1990). Motivation: What teachers need to know. Teachers College Record, 91(3), 409–421. https://doi.org/10.1177/016146819009100306
Banas, J. A., Dunbar, N., Rodriguez, D., & Liu, S. J. (2011). A review of humor in educational settings: Four decades of research. Communication Education, 60(1), 115–144. https://doi.org/10.1080/03634523.2010.496867
Bradbury, N. A. (2016). Attention span during lectures: 8 seconds, 10 minutes, or more? Advances in Physiology Education, 40(4), 509–513. https://doi.org/10.1152/advan.00109.2016
Bunce, D. M., Flens, E. A., & Neiles, K. Y. (2010). How long can students pay attention in class? A study of student attention decline using clickers. Journal of Chemical Education, 87(12), 1438–1443. https://doi.org/10.1021/ed100409p
Church, M. A., Elliot, A. J., & Gable, S. L. (2001). Perceptions of classroom environment, achievement goals, and achievement outcomes. Journal of Educational Psychology, 93(1), 43–54. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0663.93.1.43
Gage, N. L. C., & Berliner, D. C. (1998). Educational psychology. (6th ed.). Wadsworth Publishing.
Islam, M. A., Khan, S. A., & Talukder, R. M. (2016). Status of physiology education in US Doctor of Pharmacy programs. Advances in Physiology Education, 40(4), 501–508. https://doi.org/10.1152/ADVAN.00073.2016
Knoer, S. J., Eck, A. R., & Lucas, A. J. (2016). A review of American pharmacy: Education, training, technology, and practice. Journal of Pharmaceutical Health Care and Sciences, 2, 32. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40780-016-0066-3
Miller, C. J., McNear, J., & Metz, M. J. (2013). A comparison of traditional and engaging lecture methods in a large, professional-level course. Advances in Physiology Education, 37(4), 347–355. https://doi.org/10.1152/advan.00050.2013
Saroyan, A., & Snell, L.S. (1997). Variations in lecturing styles. Higher Education, 33(1), 85–104. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1002992423519
Sousa, D. A. (2011). How the brain learns. (4th ed.). Thousand Oaks: Corwin Press.
Steinert, Y., & Snell, L. S. (1999). Interactive lecturing: Strategies for increasing participation in large group presentations. Medical Teacher, 21(1), 37-42. https://doi.org/10.1080/01421599980011