Telepharmacy knowledge, attitude, and experience among pharmacy students in Indonesia: A cross-sectional study
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.46542/pe.2024.241.4047Keywords:
Attitude, Experience, Knowledge, Pharmacy student, TelepharmacyAbstract
Background: The advancement of technology in healthcare services has given rise to telepharmacy. The success of telepharmacy depends on the knowledge, attitude, and experience of pharmacy students. However, telepharmacy is relatively new in the Indonesian pharmacy education system.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted using an online questionnaire to evaluate pharmacy students' knowledge, attitude, and experience related to telepharmacy.
Results: The questionnaire was completed by 442 pharmacy students. Among them, 97.96% demonstrated a high level of knowledge about telepharmacy, and 96.60% had a positive attitude toward it. However, 85.97% of students had limited experience with telepharmacy. While there was a significant correlation between knowledge and attitude, no such correlation was observed between attitude and experience.
Conclusion: The findings revealed that pharmacy students had high knowledge and attitude, but limited experience with telepharmacy. Additionally, there is a significant correlation between knowledge of telepharmacy and a positive attitude towards its use. To better prepare future pharmacists to provide effective telepharmacy services, it is essential to integrate telepharmacy practice models into the curriculum.
References
Ahmed, N. J., Almalki, Z. S., Alsawadi, A. H., Alturki, A. A., Bakarman, A. H., Almuaddi, A. M., Alshahrani, S. M., Alanazi, M. B., Alshehri, A. M., Albassam, A. A., Alahmari, A. K., Alem, G. M., Aldosari, S. A., & Alamer, A. A. (2023). Knowledge, perceptions, and readiness of telepharmacy among hospital pharmacists in Saudi Arabia. Healthcare (Switzerland), 11(8), 1087. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11081087
Albarrak, A. I., Mohammed, R., Almarshoud, N., Almujalli, L., Aljaeed, R., Altuwaijiri, S., & Albohairy, T. (2021). Assessment of physician’s knowledge, perception and willingness of telemedicine in Riyadh region, Saudi Arabia. Journal of Infection and Public Health, 14(1), 97–102. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiph.2019.04.006
Alexander, E., Butler, C. D., Darr, A., Jenkins, M. T., Long, R. D., Shipman, C. J., & Stratton, T. P. (2017). ASHP Statement on telepharmacy. American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy, 74(9), e236–e241. https://doi.org/10.2146/ajhp170039
Ameri, A., Salmanizadeh, F., Keshvardoost, S., & Bahaadinbeigy, K. (2020). Investigating Pharmacists’ views on telepharmacy: Prioritizing key relationships, barriers, and benefits. Journal of Pharmacy Technology, 36(5), 171–178. https://doi.org/10.1177/8755122520931442
Baldoni, S., Amenta, F., & Ricci, G. (2019). Telepharmacy services: Present status and future perspectives: A review. Medicina (Lithuania), 55(7), 327. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina55070327
Cokro, F., Atmanda, P. F. K., Sagala, R. J., Arrang, S. T., Notario, D., Rukmini, E., & Aparasu, R. (2021). Pharmacy education in Indonesia. Pharmacy Education, 21(1), 432–442. https://doi.org/10.46542/pe.2021.211.432442
Cubo, E., Arnaiz-Rodriguez, A., Arnaiz-González, Á., Díez-Pastor, J. F., Spindler, M., Cardozo, A., Garcia-Bustillo, A., Mari, Z., & Bloem, B. R. (2021). Videoconferencing software options for telemedicine: A review for movement disorder neurologists. Frontiers in Neurology, 12, 745917. https://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2021.745917
Elhadi, M., Elhadi, A., Bouhuwaish, A., Alshiteewi, F. Bin, Elmabrouk, A., Alsuyihili, A., Alhashimi, A., Khel, S., Elgherwi, A., Alsoufi, A., Albakoush, A., & Abdulmalik, A. (2021). Telemedicine awareness , knowledge , attitude , and skills of health care workers in a low-resource country during the COVID-19 pandemic : Cross-sectional study. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 23(2), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.2196/20812
Elnaem, M. H., Akkawi, M. E., Al-Shami, A. K., & Elkalmi, R. (2022). Telepharmacy knowledge, perceptions, and readiness among future Malaysian pharmacists amid the COVID-19 pandemic. Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, 56(1), 9–16. https://doi.org/10.5530/ijper.56.1.2
International Pharmaceutical Federation. (2019). Telepharmacy what we know so far. https://www.fip.org/telepharmacy-what-we-know-so-far. Accessed February 10, 2022
Frenzel, J. E., & Porter, A. L. (2023). Design and assessment of telepharmacy and telehealth training in two pharmacy programs. American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education, 87(2), 224–229. https://doi.org/10.5688/ajpe8800
Frenzel, J., & Porter, A. (2021). The need to educate pharmacy students in telepharmacy and telehealth. American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education, 85(8), 809–812. https://doi.org/10.5688/ajpe8566
Ilma, D. L., Mustikaningtias, I., Salsabila, I. Y. N., Sholihat, N. K., & Parmasari, D. H. (2023). Analysis of pharmacists knowledge, attitudes and behaviors related to the use of telepharmacy: A cross sectional study. Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Clinical Research, 8(2), 179–192. https://doi.org/10.20961/jpscr.v8i2.65680
Iyanna, S., Kaur, P., Ractham, P., Talwar, S., & Najmul Islam, A. K. M. (2022). Digital transformation of healthcare sector. What is impeding adoption and continued usage of technology-driven innovations by end-users? Journal of Business Research, 153, 150–161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2022.08.007
Ministry of Health of The Republic of Indonesia. (2021). Decree Of The Minister Of Health Of The Republic Of Indonesia No.HK.01.07/MENKES/4829/2021 About Guidelines For Health Services Via Telemedicine During The 2019 Corona Virus Disease (COVID-19) Pandemic. https://infeksiemerging.kemkes.go.id/document/kmk-no-hk-01-07-menkes-4829-2021-tentang-pedoman-pelayanan-kesehatan-melalui-telemedicine-masa-pandemi-covid-19/view. Accesed February 10, 2022
Omran, S., Elnaem, M. H., & Ellabany, N. (2021). Telepharmacy knowledge, attitude and practice among Egyptian pharmacists amid the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy, 4(12), 11643. https:/doi.org/10.1002/jac5.1561
Park, J. Y., Zed, P. J., & De Vera, M. A. (2022). Perspectives and experiences with telepharmacy among pharmacists in Canada: A cross-sectional survey. Pharmacy Practice, 20(1), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.18549/PharmPract.2022.1.2609
Patel, K. (2021). Assessment of knowledge, attitude, perception of pharmacy students towards telepharmacy. Applied Research Projects, 75. https://doi.org/10.21007/chp.hiim.0072
Porter, A. L., Frenzel, J. E., & Siodlak, M. M. (2022). Assessment of a two-school collaborative telepharmacy simulation. Currents in Pharmacy Teaching and Learning, 14(2), 215–221. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cptl.2021.11.020
Poudel, A., & Nissen, L. (2016). Telepharmacy: A pharmacist's perspective on the clinical benefits and challenges. Integrated Pharmacy Research and Practice, 5, 83–84. https://doi.org/10.2147/iprp.s101685
Rebello, K. E., Gosian, J., Salow, M., Sweeney, P., Rudolph, J. L., & Driver, J. A. (2017). The rural PILL program: A postdischarge telepharmacy intervention for rural veterans. Journal of Rural Health, 33(3), 332–339. https://doi.org/10.1111/jrh.12212
Ridho, A., Alfian, S. D., van Boven, J. F. M., Levita, J., Yalcin, E. A., Le, L., Alffenaar, J.-W., Hak, E., Abdulah, R., & Pradipta, I. S. (2022). Digital health technologies to improve medication adherence and treatment outcomes in patients with tuberculosis: Systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 24(2), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.2196/33062
Sasanti, A. D., Maharani, L., Sholihat, N. K., Purwonugroho, T. A., Mustikaningtias, I., & Ilma, D. L. (2022). Qualitative analysis of roles and behaviours of pharmacists regarding the use of telepharmacy during COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Clinical Research, 7(2), 149–161. https://doi.org/10.20961/jpscr.v7i2.55878
Skoy, E. T., Eukel, H. N., Frenzel, J. E., & Schmitz, T. M. (2015). Performance and perceptions: Evaluation of pharmacy students’ consultation via telepharmacy. Journal of Pharmacy Technology, 31(4), 155–160. https://doi.org/10.1177/8755122514568123
Stoumpos, A. I., Kitsios, F., & Talias, M. A. (2023). Digital transformation in healthcare: Technology acceptance and its applications. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(4), 1–44. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20043407
Tavakol, M., & Dennick, R. (2011). Making sense of Cronbach’s alpha. International Journal of Medical Education, 2, 53–55. https://doi.org/10.5116/ijme.4dfb.8dfd
Tegegne, M. D., Wubante, S. M., Melaku, M. S., Mengiste, N. D., Fentahun, A., Zemene, W., Zeleke, T., Walle, A. D., Lakew, G. T., Tareke, Y. T., Abdi, M. S., Alemayehu, H. M., Girma, E. M., Tilahun, G. G., Demsash, A. W., & Dessie, H. S. (2023). Tele-pharmacy perception, knowledge and associated factors among pharmacy students in Northwest Ethiopia: An input for implementers. BMC Medical Education, 23, 130. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-023-04111-9
Tjiptoatmadja, N. N., & Alfian, S. D. (2022). Knowledge, perception, and willingness to use telepharmacy among the general population in Indonesia. Frontiers in Public Health, 10, 825554. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2022.825554
Yusoff, M. S. B. (2019). ABC of content validation and content validity index calculation. Education in Medicine Journal, 11(2), 49–54. https://doi.org/10.21315/eimj2019.11.2.6
