A feasibility study on the effect of an asynchronous online workshop on perceived research publication needs among pharmacy students in Nigeria
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.46542/pe.2025.251.523533Keywords:
Academic writing, Mentoring, Online Learning, Pharmacy student, Research publication, Self-efficacyAbstract
Background: Few undergraduate students publish their research due to low self-efficacy in academic writing. This study examined an asynchronous online workshop aimed at enhancing final-year pharmacy students’ academic writing self-efficacy, reducing writing apprehension, and addressing perceived publication needs, while also exploring the correlation among these variables.
Methods: A month-long asynchronous online workshop on research writing and publication was conducted for final-year pharmacy students from 12 schools across Nigeria, selected based on their completion of a final-year research project, consent, and WhatsApp access. Held in October 2024, the intervention included ten modules with recorded content and Q&A support. Pre- and post-workshop data were collected via a validated online questionnaire measuring socio-academic backgrounds, writing apprehension, academic writing self-efficacy, and publication needs. Instrument reliability was high (Cronbach’s alpha: Writing Apprehension Test = 0.89, Self-efficacy = 0.88, Publication Needs = 0.94).
Results: Out of the 77 registrants, 25 completed the programme and subsequent assessment. Academic self-efficacy and writing apprehension scores showed no significant changes post-workshop. However, publication needs assessment scores decreased significantly from pre-workshop (M = 80.9, SD = 15.4) to post-workshop (M = 60.1, SD = 20.7), t(24) = 4.902, Cohen’s d = 0.98 & p < 0.001 indicating a substantial reduction.
Conclusion: The asynchronous online workshop effectively reduced students’ perceived publication needs, highlighting its potential in addressing publication barriers for pharmacy students in Nigeria. Future interventions should explicitly integrate strategies to address writing self-efficacy and apprehension.
References
Abdullah, T. H. A., Alsohbo, K. S. I., & Hassan, I. (2022). Gender differences in written communication anxiety among Libyan postgraduates in Malaysia. Arab World English Journal, 13(3), 285–295. https://doi.org/10.24093/awej/vol13no3.18
Aguboshim, F. C., Onwuka, I. N., & Oboti, N. P. (2021). Factors challenging research and innovation in tertiary education in Nigeria. World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews, 10(1), 224–229. https://doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2021.10.1.0167
Al-Busaidi, I. S., Wells, C. I., & Wilkinson, T. J. (2019). Publication in a medical student journal predicts short- and long-term academic success: A matched-cohort study. BMC Medical Education, 19(1), 271. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-019-1704-x
Allagui, B. (2024). A scaffolding intervention to improve self-efficacy in source-based argumentative writing. Frontiers in Psychology, 15, 1454104. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1454104
Alsulami, A. F., Khaimi, Z. O., Hadi, M. A., Aljabri, Y. H., Mayet, T. S., & Althubaiti, A. (2023). “Publish or Perish”: Barriers to research publication in an undergraduate medical research program. BMC Research Notes, 16(1), 269. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13104-023-06542-5
Aluh, D., & Adibe, M. (2021). It is time to demystify research and publishing in Africa’s undergraduate pharmacy education. Strides in Development of Medical Education, 18(1). https://doi.org/10.22062/sdme.2021.195917.1052
Asghari, S., Price, J., Anaraki, N. R., Mariathas, H. H., Bethune, C., Graham, W., & Graham, A. (2022). The shift to online delivery of a rural faculty development program in research skills: Lessons learned. BMC Primary Care, 23(1), 337. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12875-022-01943-0
Autman, H., & Kelly, S. (2017). Reexamining the writing apprehension measure. Business and Professional Communication Quarterly, 80(4), 516–529. https://doi.org/10.1177/2329490617691968
Bandura, A. (1977). Social learning theory. (pp. viii, 247). Prentice-Hall.
Berdanier, C. G. P., & Zerbe, E. (2018). Correlations between graduate student writing concepts and processes and certainty of career trajectories. 2018 IEEE Frontiers in Education Conference (FIE), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1109/FIE.2018.8658678
Bray, N. J., & Braxton, J. M. (2022). Editor’s note. Innovative Higher Education, 47(6), 897–900. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10755-022-09630-9
Buckley, C., Saetnan, E., Gerber, A., Cheetham, J., Price, T., Kenyani, J., & Greaves, A. (2021). Impact of writing workshops on doctoral student wellness. Journal of Learning Development in Higher Education, 20. https://doi.org/10.47408/jldhe.vi20.593
Busse, C. E., Anderson, E. W., Endale, T., Smith, Y. R., Kaniecki, M., Shannon, C., & August, E. T. (2022). Strengthening research capacity: A systematic review of manuscript writing and publishing interventions for researchers in low-income and middle-income countries. BMJ Global Health, 7(2), e008059. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2021-008059
Collins, P., Leo, M. S., Eslami, M., Hebert, M., Levine, J., & Lee, J. W. (2024). The motivational beliefs and attitudes about writing of international students enrolled in online academic English classes during the COVID-19 pandemic. Frontiers in Psychology, 14, 1232664. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1232664
Cossio-Alva, B., Corrales-Reyes, I. E., Pares-Ballasco, G., Luna-Mazzola, I., Sánchez-Ormeño, J., Laura-Lopez, N., Villegas-Maestre, J. D., & R Mejia, C. (2023). Characteristics of undergraduate dental theses defended in Peruvian licensed universities and factors associated with their publication. Frontiers in Education, 8, 1291221. https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2023.1291221
Daly, J. A., & Miller, M. D. (1975). The empirical development of an instrument to measure writing apprehension. Research in the Teaching of English, 9(3), 242–249. https://doi.org/10.58680/rte197520067
Gumusoglu, S. B., Soulinthavong, M. N., & Barr, J. (2022). A WINning approach: Teaching science communication skills through small-group workshops. Higher Learning Research Communications, 12(2), 23–44. https://doi.org/10.18870/hlrc.v12i2.1342
Igiri, B. E., Okoduwa, S. I. R., Akabuogu, E. P., Okoduwa, U. J., Enang, I. A., Idowu, O. O., Abdullahi, S., Onukak, I. E., Onuruka, C. C., Christopher, O. P. O., Salawu, A. O., Chris, A. O., & Onyemachi, D. I. (2021). Focused research on the challenges and productivity of researchers in Nigerian academic institutions without funding. Frontiers in Research Metrics and Analytics, 6, 727228. https://doi.org/10.3389/frma.2021.727228
Jiang, H. (2025). Enhancing college English writing through self-efficacy-based instruction. Frontiers in Psychology, 16, 1668324. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1668324
Kiguli-Malwadde, E., Forster, M., Eliaz, A., Celentano, J., Chilembe, E., Couper, I. D., Dassah, E. T., De Villiers, M. R., Gachuno, O., Haruzivishe, C., Khanyola, J., Martin, S., Motlhatlhedi, K., Mubuuke, R., Mteta, K. A., Moabi, P., Rodrigues, A., Sears, D., Semitala, F., … Suleman, F. (2023). Comparing in-person, blended and virtual training interventions; a real-world evaluation of HIV capacity building programs in 16 countries in sub-Saharan Africa. PLOS Global Public Health, 3(7), e0001654. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0001654
Kostić Bobanović, M. (2016). Investigation of university students’ EFL writing apprehension: A longitudinal study in Croatia. Review of Innovation and Competitiveness, 2(1), 5–18. https://doi.org/10.32728/ric.2016.21/1
Limpo, T. (2018). Development of a short measure of writing apprehension: Validity evidence and association with writing frequency, process, and performance. Learning and Instruction, 58, 115–125. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.learninstruc.2018.06.001
McCaul, M., Durao, S., Kredo, T., Garner, P., Young, T., & Rohwer, A. (2021). Evidence synthesis workshops: Moving from face-to-face to online learning. BMJ Evidence-Based Medicine, 26(5), 255–260. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjebm-2020-111394
McLellan, G., Smith, M., Hardy, A., Murray, R., & Thow, M. (2024). Developing early career researchers’ self-efficacy for academic writing. Journal of Academic Writing, 14(2), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.18552/joaw.v14i2.1142
Meza, P., & González, M. (2020). Construction and validation of the self-efficacy scale for disciplinary academic writing. Cogent Education, 7(1), 1830464. https://doi.org/10.1080/2331186X.2020.1830464
Mitchell, K. M., Harrigan, T., Stefansson, T., & Setlack, H. (2017). Exploring self-efficacy and anxiety in first-year nursing students enrolled in a discipline-specific scholarly writing course. Quality Advancement in Nursing Education - Avancées En Formation Infirmière, 3(1). https://doi.org/10.17483/2368-6669.1084
Mitchell, K. M., McMillan, D. E., Lobchuk, M. M., Nickel, N. C., Rabbani, R., & Li, J. (2021). Development and validation of the Situated Academic Writing Self-Efficacy Scale (SAWSES). Assessing Writing, 48, 100524.
Mitchell, K. M., Zumbrunn, S., Berry, D. N., & Demczuk, L. (2023). Writing self-efficacy in postsecondary students: A scoping review. Educational Psychology Review, 35(3), 1–45. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-023-09798-2
Mwangi, E. M., Iseme-Ondiek, R. A., Riang’a, R. M., Orwa, J., Njenga, K. W., & Ngugi, A. K. (2024). Addressing barriers to post-graduate research training in low resource settings: An innovative approach in an institution of higher learning in Kenya. Frontiers in Medicine, 11, 1470922. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2024.1470922
Okoduwa, S. I. R., Abe, J. O., Samuel, B. I., Chris, A. O., Oladimeji, R. A., Idowu, O. O., & Okoduwa, U. J. (2018). Attitudes, perceptions, and barriers to research and publishing among research and teaching staff in a Nigerian research institute. Frontiers in Research Metrics and Analytics, 3, 26. https://doi.org/10.3389/frma.2018.00026
Ramos-Villagrasa, P. J., Sánchez-Iglesias, I., Grande-de-Prado, M., Oliván-Blázquez, B., Martín-Peña, J., & Cancer-Lizaga, P. (2017). Spanish version of “Self-Efficacy for Writing Scale” (SEWS). Anales de Psicología, 34(1), 86. https://doi.org/10.6018/analesps.34.1.264931
Raviv, H. (2021). Self-Efficacy before and after An academic writing program and its relation to students’ language skill – An action research study. Journal of Education and Human Development, 10(3). https://doi.org/10.15640/jehd.v10n3a5
Rice, M. F. (2023). Leveraging digital literacies to support refugee youth and families’ success in online learning: A theoretical perspective using a socioecological approach. Online Learning, 27(3). https://doi.org/10.24059/olj.v27i3.4152
Shea, P. (20230. Introduction to OLJ. Online Learning, 27(3). https://doi.org/10.24059/olj.v27i3.4152
Tella, A., & Onyancha, B. (2021). Scholarly publishing experience of postgraduate students in Nigerian Universities. Accountability in Research, 28(7), 395–427. https://doi.org/10.1080/08989621.2020.1843444
Thompson, A. E., & Cobb, P. J. (2023). Incorporating publication into graduate seminars: A case study with digital reviews in archaeology. Advances in Archaeological Practice, 11(4), 442–451. https://doi.org/10.1017/aap.2023.18
Ukrani, R. D., Shaikh, A. N., Martins, R. S., Fatima, S. S., Naseem, H. A., & Baig, M. A. (2021). Low-cost peer-taught virtual research workshops for medical students in Pakistan: A creative, scalable, and sustainable solution for student research. BMC Medical Education, 21(1), 557. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-021-02996-y
Yan, L., & Zhiping, W. (2023). Mapping the literature on academic publishing: A bibliometric analysis on WOS. Sage Open, 13(1), 21582440231158562. https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440231158562
Zhang, H., Xu, X., Lei, V. N.-L., Hong, W. C. H., & Jie, W. (2025). Academic writing challenges and supports for early-stage Chinese postgraduates: A mixed-methods study on teaching-research integration, supervisor engagement, and self-efficacy. PLOS ONE, 20(2), e0317470. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0317470