The application of problem-based learning to the teaching of microbiology for pharmacy students
Keywords:
Microbiology, pharmacy, problem-based learning (PBL), real worldAbstract
Problem-based learning (PBL) is an educational format, where students work in groups on a ‘real world’ problem with a tutor facilitating. A PBL task was investigated as a means of teaching a unit of microbiology to pharmacy students, providing an alternative to the more traditional lectures and practical work. The task, and its assessment, involved preparation of an abstract and a paper for presentation on the methods used to detect and identify food-borne pathogens. The PBL project was favourably received by staff and students. Most students reported an increase in motivation to learn and interest in the subject, and the quality of the work was very high. Challenges to the implementation of PBL include time issues, group-related issues, variability among facilitators, student evaluation and faculty acceptance and training. Whilst more traditional teaching practices will continue to dominate, PBL certainly deserves a place in the teaching repertoire.
References
Abrahamson, S. (1998). Obstacles to establishing problem-based learning. Journal of Dental Education,62, 656–659.
Baker, Constance, M. (2000).Problem-based learning for nursing: Integrating lessons from other disciplines with nursing experiences. Journal of Professional Nursing,16(5), 258–266.
Barrows, H. S. (1986). A taxonomy of problem-based learning methods. 4Medical Teacher,20, 481–486.
Breivik, P. S. (1992). Education for the information age. New Directions for Higher Education No.78,20(2), 5–13.
Cisneros, R. M., Salisbury-Glennon, Jill, D., & Anderson-Harper,Heidi, M. (2002). Status of problem-based learning research in pharmacy education: A call for future research american. Journal of Pharmaceutical Education,66(1), 19–26.
Duch, B. J. (1996). Problem-based learning in physics: The power of students teaching students.Journal of College Science Teaching,15(5), 326–329.
Eagle, C. J., Harasym, P. H., & Mandin, H. (1992). Effects of tutors with case expertise on problem-based learning issues.Academic Medicine,67(7), 465–469.
Ferrier, B. M. (1990). Problem-based learning: Does it make a difference?Journal of Dental Education,54(9), 550– 551.
Herrier, R. N., Jackson, T. R., & Consroe, P. F. (1997). The use of student-centered, problem-based, clinical case discussions to enhance learning in pharmacology and medicinal chemistry.American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education,54(Summer),161 –166.
Hoffman, Elizabeth, A. (2001). Successful application of active learning techniques to introductory microbiology.Microbiology Education,2(1), 5–11.
Lancaster, C., Bradley, E., Camp, M. G., Chessman, A., Stroup-Benham, C. A., & Smith, I. K. (1997). The effect of pbl on students’ perceptions of learning environment. Academic Medicine,72(10), 10–12. GPHE 102839—4/1/2005——132262PBL pharmacy microbiology teaching 5-11
Love, D. W., & Shumway, J. M. (1983). Patient-oriented problem-solving instruction in pharmacotherapeutics.American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education,47, 228–231.
Norman, G. R., & Schmidt, H. G. (1992). The psychological basis of problem-based learning: A review of the evidence.Academic Medicine,67(9), 557–565.
Pickrell, J. A. (1995). Enhancing large-group problem-based learning in veterinary medical education. Teaching and Learning in Medicine,3(1), 28–32.
Schmidt, H. G., Boon, L., Kokx, I., Moust, J. H. C., & Van DerArend, A. (1993). Influence of tutors’ subject-matter expertise on student effort and achievement in problem-based learning. Academic Medicine,68(10), 784–791.
Silver, M., & Wilkerson, L. (1991). Effects of tutors with subject expertise on the problem-based tutorial process. Academic Medicine,66, 298– 300.
Sims, P. J. (1994a). Utilizing the peer group method with case studies to teach pharmacokinetics. American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education,58(Spring), 73–77.
Sims, P. J. (1994b). Utilizing the peer group method with case studies to teach pharmaceutics. American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education,58(Spring), 78–81.
Thompson, D. G., & Williams, R. G. (1985). Barriers to the acceptance of problem-based learning in medical schools. Studies in Higher Education,10(2), 199–204.
Vernon, D. T. A. (1995). Attitudes and opinions of faculty tutors about problem-based learning. Academic Medicine,68(7),550 –563.
Vernon, D. T. A., & Hosokawa, M. C. (1996). Faculty attitudes and opinions about problem-based learning. Academic Medicine,71(11), 1233–1238